Kidney Stones
Thursday 22 September 2016
05:34
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Labels: kidney stone surgery , kidney stone types , kidney stones , max healthcare , treatment
Labels: kidney stone surgery , kidney stone types , kidney stones , max healthcare , treatment
Before we begin our discussion on
Kidney Stones, we need to know that not all kidney stones are made up of the
same crystals. The different types of kidney stones include:
· Calcium: Calcium stones are the most common.
They can be made of calcium oxalate (most common), phosphate, or maleate.
Eating fewer oxalate-rich foods can reduce your risk of developing this type of
stone. High-oxalate foods include potato chips, peanuts, chocolate, beets, and
spinach.
·
Uric Acid: This type of kidney stone is more
common in men than in women. They can occur in people with gout or those going
through chemotherapy. This type of stone develops when urine is too acidic. A
diet rich in purines can increase urine’s acidic level. Purine is a colorless
substance in animal proteins, such as fish, shellfish, and meats.
·
Struvite: This type of stone is found mostly in
women with urinary tract infections. These stones can be large and cause
urinary obstruction. These stones are caused by a kidney infection. Treating an
underlying infection can prevent the development of struvite stones.
·
Cystine: Cystine stones are rare. They occur in
both men and women who have the genetic disorder cystinuria. With this type of
stone, cystine — an acid that occurs naturally in the body — leaks from the
kidneys into the urine.
The
greatest risk for kidney stones is making less than one liter of urine per day.
This is why kidney stones are common in premature infants who have kidney
problems.
Kidney stones are most likely to
occur between the ages of 20 and 40. Different factors can increase your
risk of developing a stone. Sex also plays a role, with more men than women
developing kidney stones. A history of kidney stones can increase your risk, as
does a family history of kidney stones.
Other risk factors include:
- dehydration
- obesity
- high-protein, salt, or glucose diet
- hyperparathyroid condition
- gastric bypass surgery
- inflammatory bowel diseases that increase calcium
absorption
- taking medications such as diuretics, anti-seizure
drugs, and calcium-based antacids
Kidney stones are known to cause
severe pain. Symptoms of kidney stones may not occur until the stone begins to
move down the ureters. This severe pain is called renal colic. You may
have pain on one side of your back or abdomen. In men, pain may radiate to the
groin area. The pain of renal colic comes and goes, but can be intense. People
with renal colic tend to be restless.
Other symptoms of kidney stones
can include:
- blood in the urine (red, pink, or brown urine)
- vomiting
- nausea
- discolored or foul-smelling urine
- chills
- fever
- frequent need to urinate
- urinating small amounts of urine
In the case of a small kidney
stone, you may not have any pain or symptoms as the stone passes through your
urinary tract.
Stones
don’t always stay in the kidney. Sometimes, they pass from the kidney into the
ureters. Ureters are small and delicate, and the stones may be too large to
pass smoothly down the ureter to the bladder. Passage of stones down the ureter
can cause spasms and irritation of the ureters as they pass, which causes blood
to appear in the urine.
Sometimes stones block the flow
of urine. This is called a urinary obstruction. Urinary obstructions can lead
to kidney infection (pyelonephritis) and kidney damage.
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